{"id":2953,"date":"2025-07-12T05:49:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-12T08:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/?p=2953"},"modified":"2025-07-07T09:09:19","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T12:09:19","slug":"crisis-rusa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/crisis-rusa\/","title":{"rendered":"The Shocking Russian Crisis of 1998"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio has-large-font-size\">Anniversary of July 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>On July 12, 1998, Russia agreed to an $11 billion loan from the IMF in an effort to stem the emerging financial crisis. Find out what happened during the Russian crisis.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The 1998 Russian crisis, also known as the ruble crisis or the Russian flu,<strong> It was a devastating economic event that shook the foundations of the nation at the end of the 20th century.<\/strong>This crisis not only had a profound impact on the Russian economy but also sent shock waves through global financial markets and tested the resilience of the global economic system. To fully understand the magnitude of this crisis, it is necessary to analyze the factors that triggered it, the dramatic events that unfolded, and the lasting repercussions it left in its wake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Background<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The 1998 Russian crisis did not emerge out of nowhere. Its roots lie in Russia&#039;s turbulent transition to a market economy following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. This period of radical reforms, massive privatizations, and economic liberalization was fraught with challenges. <strong>The Russian economy experienced high inflation, stagnant economic growth, and rising social inequality.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"547487\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/crisisrusa-1024x682.webp\" alt=\"Crisis Rusa\" class=\"wp-image-6168 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #547487; width:533px;height:auto\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/crisisrusa-1024x682.webp 1024w, https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/crisisrusa-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/crisisrusa-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/crisisrusa.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Factores desencadenantes de la Crisis Rusa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Several internal and external factors combined to create a perfect breeding ground for the Russian crisis. Among the most important internal factors were:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dependence on raw material exports:<\/strong>&nbsp;The Russian economy was heavily dependent on the export of raw materials such as oil, natural gas, and metals. The decline in global prices for these commodities in the late 1990s dealt a severe blow to government revenues and the overall health of the economy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Growing fiscal deficit:<\/strong>&nbsp;The Russian government ran a high fiscal deficit, meaning it spent more money than it collected in taxes. To finance this deficit, the government resorted to issuing domestic debt, which led to rising interest rates and increased pressure on the financial system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fragile financial system:<\/strong>&nbsp;The Russian financial system at the time was unstable and lacked adequate supervision. This made it vulnerable to speculation and bank runs, which intensified during the crisis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Failed economic reforms:<\/strong>&nbsp;The economic reforms implemented during the 1990s failed to address structural problems such as corruption, tax evasion, and the lack of a solid legal framework. This created an environment conducive to abuse and financial mismanagement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These internal factors were compounded by external factors such as the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998, which had a contagion effect on the Russian economy, and the global economic slowdown of the late 1990s, which reduced global demand for Russian exports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Eventos clave de la Crisis Rusa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The 1998 Russian crisis reached its peak in August of that year, when the Russian government took a series of drastic measures in a desperate attempt to stabilize the economy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Devaluation of the ruble:<\/strong>&nbsp;The government devalued the ruble by 70%, causing an immediate drop in the value of the national currency. This measure was intended to increase Russian exports by making them more competitive in the international market, but it also generated hyperinflation and eroded citizens&#039; purchasing power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Domestic debt default:<\/strong>&nbsp;The Russian government declared a default on its domestic debt, meaning it stopped paying its domestic creditors. This led to a crisis of confidence in the financial system and a massive flight of capital from the country.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>External debt moratorium:<\/strong>&nbsp;The Russian government too<strong>&nbsp;declared default on its foreign debt<\/strong>, which meant it temporarily suspended payments to its international creditors. This measure had a significant impact on the global economy, as it generated&nbsp;<strong>uncertainty in the financial markets and affected investor confidence.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/preg-mentorias-financieras\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"851\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Conseguir-libertad-financiera-es-posible_20240720_153502_0000.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3324\" style=\"width:732px;height:auto\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Conseguir-libertad-financiera-es-posible_20240720_153502_0000.jpg 851w, https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Conseguir-libertad-financiera-es-posible_20240720_153502_0000-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Conseguir-libertad-financiera-es-posible_20240720_153502_0000-768x284.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 851px) 100vw, 851px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Consecuencias de la crisis rusa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The government&#039;s desperate measures to contain the Russian crisis had a devastating impact on the country&#039;s economy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Economic recession:<\/strong>&nbsp;The Russian economy entered a deep recession, with GDP contracting by 4.21% in 1998.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Soaring inflation:<\/strong>&nbsp;Inflation soared to unprecedented levels, reaching more than 80% in 1998. This eroded household purchasing power and caused a severe social crisis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Increase in poverty:<\/strong>&nbsp;Poverty increased dramatically, with millions of people falling into destitution as a result of the Russian crisis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Many hedge funds suffered catastrophic declines. <a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/caida-de-ltcm\/\">One of them was Long-Term Capital Management, which we talked about in this article.<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>El Pr\u00e9stamo del FMI para combatir la crisis rusa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Talks:<\/strong>&nbsp;In July 1998, the situation was critical. Russia desperately needed financial aid to avoid a complete economic collapse. The government negotiated a loan package with the IMF.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Loan Details:<\/strong>&nbsp;The IMF board&nbsp;<strong>approved a loan package of $22.6 billion to alleviate the Russian crisis<\/strong>The negotiations took place between 12 and 13 July 1998.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Purpose of the Loan:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Debt Restructuring:<\/strong>&nbsp;Part of the loan was intended to help Russia replace its short-term debt with long-term loans. This would give the government more room to maneuver to manage its finances and emerge from the crisis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-3996\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image.jpeg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" title=\"\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inversordebolsillo.mercadoshops.com.ar\/MLA-759043927-libro-inversion-en-bolsa-valores-el-inversor-de-bolsillo-_JM#item_id=MLA759043927&amp;component=collection_grid&amp;page_from=home&amp;custom_categories=false&amp;item_id=MLA759043927&amp;component=collection_grid&amp;page_from=home&amp;custom_categories=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><mark style=\"background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-0-color\">Get all three books now to make ends meet!<\/mark><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What happened next?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, the IMF loan was not enough to prevent a complete financial collapse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Devaluation and Default:<\/strong>&nbsp;In August 1998, Russia devalued the ruble and defaulted on its internal debt. This triggered a severe economic crisis with widespread inflation, bank failures, and a falling standard of living for many Russians.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Long-Term Impact:<\/strong>&nbsp;The 1998 crisis significantly delayed Russia&#039;s economic reforms. However, it also forced the government to undertake more serious economic reforms in the following years, which ultimately contributed to a period of economic growth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Russian financial crisis of 1998&nbsp;<strong>had a domino effect on other countries in the region<\/strong>, especially those with close economic ties to Russia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">Both you and your company can also invest without worrying about economic crises.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Getting the best financing for your business isn&#039;t easy. And you&#039;re also focused on improving your business, so financial matters can be difficult. Don&#039;t worry, we&#039;re here to help.<br><strong>With the <a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/financiamiento-empresas\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2822\">Financial Optimization Program<\/a> From El Inversor de Bolsillo\u00ae, we evaluate the company and give you specific suggestions to optimize the performance of your current balances and reduce your interest burden. <\/strong>We help you manage the registration in a Reciprocal Guarantee Society and <strong>get the best rates on the market<\/strong>. After the three free months have passed, a set number of monthly hours of financial consulting is provided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/nuestros-servicios\/mentoria-financiera\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2813\">Financial Mentoring<\/a> With El Inversor de Bolsillo\u00ae you can learn while you invest, and we&#039;ll guide you according to your needs.<\/strong> Financial consulting for individuals includes one-on-one counseling sessions, online courses, stock market reports, and everything you need to make your investment a success.<br>There are different monthly plans of <strong>according to your circumstances and your budget<\/strong>The most important thing is that whichever plan you choose, <strong>you'll never be alone<\/strong>We will accompany you in your learning so that you can <strong>invest successfully.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to learn more about how to invest risk-free, visit our website. <a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/\">www.elinversordebolsillo.com.ar<\/a> either <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@elinversordebolsillo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">our YouTube channel<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-za_o7sDsN8\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio has-medium-font-size\">See more notes from our blog:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-query wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio is-layout-flow wp-block-query-is-layout-flow\"><ul class=\"wp-block-post-template is-layout-flow wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow\"><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4743 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog category-efemerides category-marzo category-miscelaneo tag-compania-de-los-mares-del-sur tag-finanzas tag-newton\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/newton\/\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"735\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/newton21.webp\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail not-transparent wp-post-image\" alt=\"Sir Isaac Newton: El Brillante Ci\u00e9ntifico, Te\u00f3logo e Inversor\" style=\"--dominant-color: #656565;object-fit:cover;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/newton21.webp 735w, https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/newton21-300x192.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"656565\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/newton\/\" target=\"_self\">Sir Isaac Newton: The Brilliant Scientist, Theologian, and Investor<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">On March 31, 1727, Sir Isaac Newton, one of the most important scientists in history, died. However, his legacy extended beyond science, but also to investment and even religion. <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-5200 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog category-consejos-financieros category-efemerides category-marzo category-mercado-internacional tag-aerolineas tag-burbuja-puntocom tag-finanzas tag-mercado-de-valores tag-mercado-internacional\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/priceline\/\" target=\"_self\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/priceline-png.webp\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail not-transparent wp-post-image\" alt=\"La Incre\u00edble IPO de Priceline.com y las 5 Lecciones que deja para los Inversores\" style=\"--dominant-color: #fcfefe;object-fit:cover;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/priceline-png.webp 900w, https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/priceline-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/priceline-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"fcfefe\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/priceline\/\" target=\"_self\">Priceline.com&#039;s Incredible IPO and the 5 Lessons It Leaves for Investors<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">On March 30, 1999, Priceline.com&#039;s initial public offering (IPO) took place. Trading began at $16 and closed at $69, tripling the profits of its initial investors. At the time, the company was trading at a higher price than United Airlines, Continental Airlines, and Northwest Airlines combined, a clear\u2026 <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-5205 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog category-efemerides category-marzo category-mercado-internacional tag-doctor-catastrofe tag-doctor-doom tag-economia tag-mercado-internacional tag-nouriel-roubini\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/doctor-catastrofe\/\" target=\"_self\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nourini-png.webp\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail not-transparent wp-post-image\" alt=\"Qui\u00e9n es el Doctor Cat\u00e1strofe y su Sorprendente Profec\u00eda\" style=\"--dominant-color: #59596c;object-fit:cover;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nourini-png.webp 900w, https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nourini-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nourini-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" data-dominant-color=\"59596c\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/doctor-catastrofe\/\" target=\"_self\">Who is Doctor Catastrophe and his surprising prophecy?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Nouriel Roubini, an American economist known for his apocalyptic predictions and nicknamed &quot;Doom,&quot; was born on March 29, 1959. Discover his story and how what he predicted came to pass in a shocking way. <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-query wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio is-layout-flow wp-block-query-is-layout-flow\"><form role=\"search\" method=\"get\" action=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/\" class=\"wp-block-search__button-outside wp-block-search__text-button wp-block-search\" data-trp-original-action=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/\"    ><label class=\"wp-block-search__label\" for=\"wp-block-search__input-1\" ><strong>Search all blog posts:<\/strong><\/label><div class=\"wp-block-search__inside-wrapper\" ><input class=\"wp-block-search__input\" id=\"wp-block-search__input-1\" placeholder=\"\" value=\"\" type=\"search\" name=\"s\" required \/><button aria-label=\"Look for\" class=\"wp-block-search__button wp-element-button\" type=\"submit\" >Look for<\/button><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"en\"\/><\/form>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">Blog Keyword Cloud:<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-tag-cloud\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/aeronautica\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-60 tag-link-position-1\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Aeronautics (4 items)\">Aeronautics<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/ahorro\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-328 tag-link-position-2\" style=\"font-size: 9.6766467065868pt;\" aria-label=\"savings (7 items)\">saving<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/apple\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-173 tag-link-position-3\" style=\"font-size: 10.095808383234pt;\" aria-label=\"Apple (8 items)\">Apple<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/asesor-financiero\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-159 tag-link-position-4\" style=\"font-size: 11.437125748503pt;\" aria-label=\"Financial Advisor (12 items)\">Financial Advisor<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/bancos\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-193 tag-link-position-5\" style=\"font-size: 9.6766467065868pt;\" aria-label=\"banks (7 items)\">banks<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/berkshire-hathaway\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-71 tag-link-position-6\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Berkshire Hathaway (4 items)\">Berkshire Hathaway<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/bolsa-de-valores\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-39 tag-link-position-7\" style=\"font-size: 19.40119760479pt;\" aria-label=\"Bolsa de valores (114 items)\">Stock market<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/bonos\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-322 tag-link-position-8\" style=\"font-size: 9.2574850299401pt;\" aria-label=\"bonds (6 items)\">bonds<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/burbuja\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-289 tag-link-position-9\" style=\"font-size: 10.095808383234pt;\" aria-label=\"bubble (8 items)\">bubble<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/burbuja-puntocom\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-239 tag-link-position-10\" style=\"font-size: 11.185628742515pt;\" aria-label=\"Dotcom bubble (11 items)\">Dot-com bubble<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/byma\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-83 tag-link-position-11\" style=\"font-size: 10.51497005988pt;\" aria-label=\"byma (9 items)\">byma<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/commodities\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-373 tag-link-position-12\" style=\"font-size: 8.6706586826347pt;\" aria-label=\"commodities (5 items)\">commodities<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/compania-de-los-mares-del-sur\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-349 tag-link-position-13\" style=\"font-size: 8.6706586826347pt;\" aria-label=\"South Sea Company (5 items)\">South Sea Company<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/consejos-financieros\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-164 tag-link-position-14\" style=\"font-size: 8.6706586826347pt;\" aria-label=\"Financial advice (5 items)\">Financial advice<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/criptomonedas\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-237 tag-link-position-15\" style=\"font-size: 9.2574850299401pt;\" aria-label=\"Cryptocurrencies (6 items)\">Cryptocurrencies<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/crisis\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-88 tag-link-position-16\" style=\"font-size: 12.023952095808pt;\" aria-label=\"crisis (14 items)\">crisis<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/crisis-subprime\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-101 tag-link-position-17\" style=\"font-size: 10.095808383234pt;\" aria-label=\"subprime crisis (8 items)\">subprime crisis<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/curso-de-finanzas-gratuito\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-594 tag-link-position-18\" style=\"font-size: 13.02994011976pt;\" aria-label=\"curso de finanzas gratuito (19 items)\">free finance course<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/economia\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-397 tag-link-position-19\" style=\"font-size: 11.185628742515pt;\" aria-label=\"economics (11 items)\">economy<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/empezar-a-invertir\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-38 tag-link-position-20\" style=\"font-size: 15.964071856287pt;\" aria-label=\"Empezar a invertir (44 items)\">Start investing<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/esquema-piramidal\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-255 tag-link-position-21\" style=\"font-size: 9.6766467065868pt;\" aria-label=\"pyramid scheme (7 items)\">pyramid scheme<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/estados-unidos\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-172 tag-link-position-22\" style=\"font-size: 10.095808383234pt;\" aria-label=\"United States (8 items)\">USA<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/facebook\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-177 tag-link-position-23\" style=\"font-size: 8.6706586826347pt;\" aria-label=\"Facebook (5 items)\">Facebook<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/finanzas\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-31 tag-link-position-24\" style=\"font-size: 18.562874251497pt;\" aria-label=\"finanzas (90 items)\">finance<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/finanzas-personales\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-32 tag-link-position-25\" style=\"font-size: 16.88622754491pt;\" aria-label=\"Finanzas personales (56 items)\">Personal finances<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/ibm\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-380 tag-link-position-26\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"IBM (4 items)\">IBM<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/inflacion\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-228 tag-link-position-27\" style=\"font-size: 8.6706586826347pt;\" aria-label=\"inflation (5 items)\">inflation<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/inglaterra\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-293 tag-link-position-28\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"England (4 items)\">England<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/libros-de-finanzas\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-166 tag-link-position-29\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"finance books (4 items)\">finance books<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/libros-de-inversion\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-284 tag-link-position-30\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"investment books (4 items)\">investment books<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/ltcm\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-127 tag-link-position-31\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"LTCM (4 items)\">LTCM<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/mentoria-financiera\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-61 tag-link-position-32\" style=\"font-size: 13.02994011976pt;\" aria-label=\"financial mentoring (19 items)\">financial mentoring<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/mercado-argentino\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-126 tag-link-position-33\" style=\"font-size: 15.880239520958pt;\" aria-label=\"mercado argentino (43 items)\">Argentine market<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/mercado-de-valores\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-35 tag-link-position-34\" style=\"font-size: 19.820359281437pt;\" aria-label=\"mercado de valores (128 items)\">stock market<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/mercado-internacional\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-70 tag-link-position-35\" style=\"font-size: 22pt;\" aria-label=\"mercado internacional (234 items)\">international market<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/meta\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-178 tag-link-position-36\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Meta (4 items)\">Meta<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/microsoft\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-231 tag-link-position-37\" style=\"font-size: 9.6766467065868pt;\" aria-label=\"Microsoft (7 items)\">Microsoft<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/nasdaq\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-104 tag-link-position-38\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Nasdaq (4 items)\">Nasdaq<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/petroleo\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-383 tag-link-position-39\" style=\"font-size: 10.51497005988pt;\" aria-label=\"Oil (9 items)\">Oil<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/rusia\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-41 tag-link-position-40\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\" aria-label=\"Russia (4 items)\">Russia<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/steve-jobs\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-175 tag-link-position-41\" style=\"font-size: 9.2574850299401pt;\" aria-label=\"Steve Jobs (6 items)\">Steve Jobs<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/tecnologia\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-391 tag-link-position-42\" style=\"font-size: 11.185628742515pt;\" aria-label=\"Technology (11 items)\">Technology<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/value-investing\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-95 tag-link-position-43\" style=\"font-size: 8.6706586826347pt;\" aria-label=\"value investing (5 items)\">value investing<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/wall-street\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-234 tag-link-position-44\" style=\"font-size: 8.6706586826347pt;\" aria-label=\"Wall Street (5 items)\">Wall Street<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/etiquetas\/warren-buffett\/\" class=\"tag-cloud-link tag-link-69 tag-link-position-45\" style=\"font-size: 13.532934131737pt;\" aria-label=\"warren buffett (22 items)\">Warren Buffett<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">Explore categories<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-categories-list wp-block-categories\">\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-50\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/abril\/\">April<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-54\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/agosto\/\">August<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-77\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/\">Blog<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-78\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/consejos-financieros\/\">Financial advice<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-418\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/curso-de-finanzas\/\">Finance Course<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-58\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/diciembre\/\">December<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-46\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/\">Anniversaries<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-47\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/enero\/\">January<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-48\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/febrero\/\">February<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-30\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/finanzas-personales\/\">Personal Finance<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-53\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/julio\/\">July<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-52\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/junio\/\">June<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-49\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/marzo\/\">March<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-51\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/mayo\/\">May<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-29\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/mercado-argentino\/\">Argentine Market<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-28\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/mercado-internacional\/\">International Market<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-167\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/miscelaneo\/\">Miscellaneous<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-256\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/noticias\/\">News<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-57\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/noviembre\/\">November<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-27\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/nuestros-servicios\/\">Our services<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-56\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/octubre\/\">October<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-55\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/blog\/efemerides\/septiembre\/\">September<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elinversordebolsillo.com.ar\/en\/sin-categoria\/\">Uncategorized<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 1998 Russian crisis, also known as the ruble crisis or the Russian flu, was a devastating economic event that shook the nation to its foundations at the end of the 20th century. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6168,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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